Tuesday 16 January 2018

The trapping of adult grey parrots is ruinous

Posted by Simon Valle & Stu

In a paper just published in Biological Conservation, Simon Valle et al. investigated how different capture methods and other aspects of parrot trade, other than just the actual volume of birds taken from the wild, can affect sustainability of harvest. This is of course important as the ‘currency’ which is generally used by CITES and government agencies to assess the impact of bird trade is usually solely the total number taken from the wild. This paper shows how crucial it is to also consider other facets of the trade – if adults or nestlings are taken, how may fluctuations in annual harvest affect sustainability, and what role may habitat loss or augmentation have in influencing population stability. 



The study was grounded in the building of a population viability model (PVA), a tool often used in conservation biology to see how populations might grow or decline in the future. These models use demographic parameters such as birth rates, mortality of juveniles and adults, longevity, and other life history traits to predict future population trajectories and to identify those aspects of the animals’ lives that are most crucial to safeguard. PVAs are data-hungry, and the lack of real data from wild populations means that, often, parameters have to be taken from other species, from captive birds, or are simply guessed. Our models used some data (e.g. on mortality) from other large parrot species, but Simon’s months of fieldwork on the grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) population on Príncipe meant that we had a reasonable idea of most of the parameters needed for the running of the models.

Inquisitive subadult grey parrot kept as a pet on the island of Príncipe.This individual would have been originally caught as a chick from the nest, as is common  practice on the island .

Our first important finding was that there was a very fine line between a harvest being sustainable in the long term, and ruinous. A harvest of around 900 individuals per year allowed the population to thrive, but one of 1000 birds almost certainly resulted in extinction of grey parrots on the island. Hence, to keep trade sustainable, we would need to relying on a scientific balancing act, but this is the polar opposite of how grey parrot trade is currently managed – we have little or no confidence that quotas are strictly adhered to, mortality in trade is pitiful and unknown, and often we don’t even know from which country the parrots were even caught.     

Predicted population trajectories in response to no harvest (0% of the initial population); and annual harvests (SD) of 600 (100), i.e. 7.5% of the initial population, 900 (100), and 1200 (100) chicks, i.e. 15% of the initial population. Light grey lines =population trajectories resulting from each simulation; black solid lines = mean trajectory.

Even more disturbing is that the age of birds taken from the wild blows simple numbers of birds taken out of the water in terms of its importance. On Principe, there was a tradition of only taking chicks from nests, and leaving the adults to be. This is likely one of the keys to the species’ survival in large numbers on the island. The figure below shows how disastrous the taking of just a few adults can be. The taking of birds ‘randomly’ from the population, as might be done in places like Cameroon where birds are caught en mass at aggregations, is utterly ruinous.


Difference in predicted 50-year trends when the population is subject to a harvest of 900 ± 100 harvesting chicks only, nest raiding (i.e. one adult is collected with every two chicks) and indiscriminate trapping.

Another interesting finding of the study was that having a ‘steady’ (well-managed and well-policed) harvest of small numbers of birds every year is more likely to be sustainable in the long term than a harvest that is inconsistent across years. The message here is that booms and busts of parrot trapping are not a good thing.  

Predicted population trend and individual simulations in response to harvesting a fixed (left) or variable (right) quota of 900 (top) and of 1000 (bottom) chicks each year

But booms and busts, high and variable mortality and other real uncertainties are exactly the realities that have plagued the trade in grey parrots for the past decades. Effective trade management seems a million miles away from what is happening at present across the species’ range.

On Príncipe grey parrots are commonly raised together with other household pets.

The research on the Grey Parrots in Príncipe was funded by



and supported by





44 comments:

  1. Buy parrots online | Parrots for sale | Parrot and Eggs Breeder's
    Contact Us : birdsfarmsales@gmail.com | Call/ Text +1 646-535-7719

    We are license to export parrots and eggs to USA, Europe, Asia, United Arab Emirates, Oceania, Middle East. Our parrots are transported in secured cages and live parrots boxes. We also have available fertile parrots eggs for sale.

    Now available in stock are the following live parrots and birds for sale. We also have chicks from 1 day old up to 60 days old available in stock. Our parrots are free from the bird flu and vet checked. They are tamed and hand raised. They can serve as good pets and companions.

    Contact Us:
    Email us :birdsfarmsales@gmail.com
    Call/ Text +1 646-535-7719

    Buy African Grey Parrots online
    Buy Blue & Gold Macaw online,
    Buy Hyacinth Macaws online,
    Buy Cockatoo Parrots online,
    Buy Toucans online,
    Buy Caique Parrots online,
    Buy Conures online,
    Buy Falcon Birds online,
    Buy Amazon parrots online,

    Buy African Grey parrot eggs
    Buy Hyacinth macaw eggs,
    Buy Black palm cockatoo eggs,
    Buy Blue and gold macaw eggs,
    Buy Citron cockatoo eggs,
    Buy Gang gang cockatoo eggs,
    Buy Goffin cockatoo eggs,
    Buy Green wing macaw eggs,
    Buy Harlequin macaw eggs,
    Buy Hyacinth macaw eggs,
    Buy Major Mitchell cockatoo eggs,
    Buy Rose breasted cockatoo eggs,
    Buy Scarlet macaw eggs,
    Buy Umbrella Cockatoo eggs,
    Buy Scarlet Macaw eggs,
    Buy Sollomons Island Eclectus eggs,
    Buy Amazon Parrot eggs,
    Buy Finches eggs ,
    Buy Falcons eggs ,
    Buy Canaries eggs,
    Buy Conures eggs,
    Buy Electus Parrot eggs,
    Buy Senegal Parrot eggs,
    Buy Parakeets eggs,
    Buy Cockatiels eggs,
    Buy Hawk Headed Parrots,
    Buy Toco Toucan eggs,
    Buy Conures eggs,

    All our eggs are collected from very healthy birds in our Aviary , candle tested and 100% confirmed fertile for hatching healthy babies . We are now taking orders from those who are interested in raising up their own baby birds from the eggs stage.

    Its fun hatching your own baby(ies) from eggs and we will assist you in any way to hatch out your birds successfully.

    Contact Us:
    Email us :birdsfarmsales@gmail.com
    Call/ Text +1 646-535-7719

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. URGENT LOAN OFFER WITH 3% INTEREST RATE APPLY TODAY.
      Do you need finance to start up your own business or expand your business, Do you need funds to pay off your debt? We give out loan to interested individuals and company's who are seeking loan with good faith. Are you seriously in need of an urgent loan contact us.
      Email: aabidullahaameen62@gmail.com

      LOAN APPLICATION DETAILS.
      First Name:
      Last Name:
      Date Of Birth:
      Address:
      Sex:
      Phone No:
      City:
      Zip Code:
      State:
      Country:
      Nationality:
      Occupation:
      Monthly Income:
      Loan Amount:
      Loan Duration:
      Purpose of the loan:
      Email: aabidullahaameen62@gmail.com


      URGENT LOAN OFFER WITH 3% INTEREST RATE APPLY TODAY.
      Do you need finance to start up your own business or expand your business, Do you need funds to pay off your debt? We give out loan to interested individuals and company's who are seeking loan with good faith. Are you seriously in need of an urgent loan contact us.
      Email: aabidullahaameen62@gmail.com

      LOAN APPLICATION DETAILS.
      First Name:
      Last Name:
      Date Of Birth:
      Address:
      Sex:
      Phone No:
      City:
      Zip Code:
      State:
      Country:
      Nationality:
      Occupation:
      Monthly Income:
      Loan Amount:
      Loan Duration:
      Purpose of the loan:
      Email: aabidullahaameen62@gmail.com

      Delete
    2. For recovery of CRYPTOCURRENCY , tokens or  coins lost to online theft and individuals with negative intention reach out to QUADHACKED @ GMAIL . COM   to  help you retrieve your coins.
      I lost ETH85.6739 to online scams, I almost lost my mind with it. This recovery specialist literally saved my life and he helped me recover all I lost in a short while, thankfully I kept a record of the whole incident which enabled the recovery specialist to have access to the necessary details needed for my recovery.  Contact the address above if you have lost any crypto currency to online crypto and investments scams

      Delete
  2. PLEASE READ PLEASE READ PLEASE READ
    Hello everyone, i would like to share my experience on this platform. i have been hearing of Blank Atm for a while and i applied through a few people but i was scammed, not until i found Mr George who saved me from scammers, i got my blank ATM card in 5 days after application and tried the encrypted card in an ATM machine and pos cash store to my greatest surprise i was able to withdraw $3000 and that was the daily rate i applied for. to be honest there is no risk involved the card is not traceable and has an infrared signal that blocks off CCTV during your withdrawals. i just payed my daughters tuition fee and cleared my mortgage debts, i am also richer and started a business that is doing fine. Mr George is really a life saver and he is very genuine. You can contact him with this email address: blankatm402@gmail.com
    Best wishes

    ReplyDelete
  3. Borrow money here today at 3% interest rate. Sawda Capital Finance offer all kind of financial services of all sizes ranging from individuals, companies and trader's globally. Our services is 100% guarantee and risk free.

    We build just the right financing for each client, with simple paperwork, quick approvals, and flexible payment schedules. For further details, Kindly contact us via email At: sawda.finance@gmail.com

    Intermediaries/Consultants/Brokers are welcome to bring their clients and are 100% protected. In complete confidence, we will work together for the benefits of all parties involved, Looking forward to rendering the best of our services to all esteemed clientele globally.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Are you frustrated or tired of seeking Financial assistance from Bank and different financial organization, have you encountered company with unsatisfied financial services?
    Here is your chance to secure fast and genuine money lending at a very low interest rate. For more information,
    Email: ahmedconsultancycompany@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  5. Borrow money here today at 3% interest rate. Sawda Capital Finance offers all kinds of financial services of all sizes ranging from individuals, companies, and traders globally./Our services are 100% guaranteed and risk-free.

    We build just the right financing for each client, with simple paperwork, quick approvals, and flexible payment schedules. For further details, Kindly contact us via email At managealic@gmail.com

    Intermediaries/Consultants/Brokers are welcome to bring their clients and are 100% protected. In complete confidence, we will work together for the benefits of all parties involved, Looking forward to rendering the best of our services to all esteemed clientele globally. +1 (608) 713-1026
    managealic@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  6. Are you INTERESTED in a genuine, fast, reliable LOANS with no hidden fees
    from a private lender? Just 2.0% p.a, tailored with a flexible repayment
    schedule to meet the borrower's need and also a grace period of up to 12 -
    24 months.

    We arrange business finance for companies of all sizes ranging from start-
    ups to establisheda corporations, belonging to a wide range of industries
    such as real-estates, mineral resources, high-technology, oil and gas,
    leisure & tourism, hospitals & nursing homes, chemicals & pharmaceuticals,
    transport & utilities, renewable & sustainable energy, infrastructure etc.

    NOTE: All replies should be forwarded and send to the e-mail account below
    for quick response and further details regarding our rate, terms &
    procedures.

    Email: support@hispanicfinance.com
    Whatsapp: +1(912) 695-1658
    Website: www.hispanicfinance.com

    ReplyDelete
  7. Are you INTERESTED in a genuine, fast, reliable LOANS with no hidden fees
    from a private lender? Just 2.0% p.a, tailored with a flexible repayment
    schedule to meet the borrower's need and also a grace period of up to 12 -
    24 months.

    We arrange business finance for companies of all sizes ranging from start-
    ups to establisheda corporations, belonging to a wide range of industries
    such as real-estates, mineral resources, high-technology, oil and gas,
    leisure & tourism, hospitals & nursing homes, chemicals & pharmaceuticals,
    transport & utilities, renewable & sustainable energy, infrastructure etc.

    NOTE: All replies should be forwarded and send to the e-mail account below
    for quick response and further details regarding our rate, terms &
    procedures.

    Email: support@hispanicfinance.com
    Whatsapp: +1(912) 695-1658
    Website: www.hispanicfinance.com

    ReplyDelete
  8. Are you in need of Urgent Loan Here no collateral required all problem regarding Loan is solve between a short period of time and duration more than 20 years what are you waiting for apply now and solve your problem or start a business with Loan paying of various bills I think you have come to the right place just 2% interest rate. Contact Us Via.email: abdullahibrahimlender@gmail.com
    whatspp Number +918929490461
    Mr Abdullah Ibrahim

    ReplyDelete
  9. Dear Sir,

    We are broker firm in London-UK, we have direct Provider of BG/SBLC specifically for Lease and purchase, The provider is tested and trusted. We have been dealing with the company for paste 20 years. Interested Agent/Lessee should contact us.

    Email: longmornprojectsfinance@gmail.com
    Skype ID: longmornprojectsfinance@hotmail.com

    whatsapp Number:+1(330)333-0498

    Best Regard
    Dean Thomas.

    ReplyDelete

  10. Hello, Mr. and Mrs., As a result of the losses, bankruptcies and damages that the whole world has suffered from Coronavirus (COVID-19), we offer financing and loans to refinance your various activities and projects at low rates, If you feel the need, please contact me for more information by email: clemalphafinance@gmail.com Whatsapp +91-9818603391

    ReplyDelete

  11. DR. ALPHA FINANCIAL service, we offer loan at 3% interest rate, do you have any financial crisis in your business? do You need a business loan at low interest if your answer is yes, I have an offer that u can't refuse,we will pay the loan within a day, I can help you with the urgent loan you need.contact us at with the below information's to proceed further. Information Needed: Name Address State Country Amount Needed as loan Loan Duration/Term. mobile number Respond contact us via Email clemalphafinance@gmail.com Whatsapp +91-9818603391

    ReplyDelete
  12. Dear Customers,

    We invite you all to participate in our new business and project funding program, We are currently funding for Business start-up Business developments, Business acquisition Business expansion, Project funding, and Working capital, etc.

    This Funding program allows a client to enjoy a 3% low-interest rate and payback period of 1 to 35 years. We can approve a loan/funding for up to $500,000,000.00 or more depending on the nature of the business we are currently funding for and we satisfy our customers’ financial needs and help them succeed

    Application Available
    Apply via E-mail: standardonlineinvestment@gmail.com
    Regards,
    Mr. Hameed Youssef
    Marketing Manager
    Standard Online Finance Ltd.

    ReplyDelete
  13. From my previous experience its not that easy to get back a lost it stolen bitcoin because these scammers are very smart and they will cover their tracks but if you manage to find a trustworthy and reliable Recovery company, I said trustworthy and reliable because many scammers are out there disguising as Recovery agents and will only take your money without recovering your bitcoin, I was a victim of such myself after loosing my bitcoin to an investment scam I sort for help and I met few recovery agents and was scammed by a particular one again. Luckily for me I was referred to a company on telegram. You can send a complaint mail to recoverywealthnow360 on google mail, he should be able to help you. They Recovered my stolen bitcoin after risking a token to their Recovery program. It was worth it at the end.

    ReplyDelete
  14. HAVE YOU BEEN IN SEARCH FOR GENUINE HACKER'S ONLINE?. HAVE YOU LOST YOUR MONEY TO BINARY OPTION SCAM OR ANY ONLINE SCAM WHATSOEVER?. WELL, YOU HAVE FOUND REDEMPTION IN ASORE CORP.
    asorehackcorp@gmail.com

    Asore Corp is a group of multinational Hacker's, an affiliate of Evil Corp, Russia. We have mutual interests obliged to fight online scam and scammers in general. In doing this, we make sure by all means necessary that our clients get the best of services on a🔐PAYMENT AFTER JOB IS DONE BASIS✔️. Rather than send money and trust a criminal to fulfill your deal, you can make sure the job is done before WORKMANSHIP is paid for. You'll get excellent customer service.
    That's a 100% guarantee.

    ⚠️ BEWARE OF FRAUDSTARS
    if you have been a VICTIM, contact :
    ✅ mercurycrimewatch@gmail.com for directives.
    Here, it's always a win for you.

    Having been on various headlines since 2004 hitherto, Asore Corp hosted a conference in August 2006 tagged "The Hacker's profile", which was anchored by Morgan Marquis Boire a then Hacker at Microsoft. Also, Asore Corp have acquired a hall of fame well deserved for solving tedious puzzles shocking the internet countless times. We possess highly qualified hackers recruited and registered under the right agencies. 
    Without any reasonable doubts, it is no news that Asore Corp offer one of the best Hacking services world wide. 
    Services we offer includes:
    [ ] Binary Option funds recovery
    [ ] Social media hack
    [ ] Recovery of loan scam
    [ ] Credit repair (Equifax,Experian,Transunion)
    [ ] E mail hack
    [ ] College score upgrade
    [ ] Android & iPhone Hack
    [ ] Website design
    [ ] Website hack
    And lots more.

    DISCLAIMER: Asore Cyber Corp accepts no responsibility for any information,previously given to anybody by clients on as regarding the job. Asore Cyber Corp will not distribute contact information collected on any hacking job other than in the Asore corps Hacker's listings themselves, and will not sell contact information to third parties.

    CONTACT:
    🤳asorehackcorp@gmail.com

    Copyright ©️
    Asore Cyber Corp 2020.
    All rights reserved.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Are you a business man or woman? Do you need funds to start up your own business? Do you need a loan to settle your debt or pay off your bills or start a nice business? Do you need funds to finance your project? We Offer guaranteed loan services of any amount and to any part of the world for (Individuals, Companies, Realtor and Corporate Bodies) at our superb interest rate of 3%. For application and more information send replies to the following E-mail address: standardonlineinvestment@gmail.com
    Thanks and look forward to your prompt reply.
    Regards,
    Mr. Hameed Youssef
    Marketing Manager
    Standard Online Finance Company Limited.

    ReplyDelete

  16. Do you need Personal Loan?
    Business Cash Loan?
    Unsecured Loan
    Fast and Simple Loan?
    Quick Application Process?
    Approvals within 24-72 Hours?
    No Hidden Fees Loan?
    Funding in less than 1 Week?
    Get unsecured working capital?
    Contact Us At : clemalphafinance@gmail.com
    Phone number :+91-9818603391 (Whatsapp Only)

    LOAN SERVICES AVAILABLE INCLUDE:
    ================================
    *Commercial Loans.
    *Personal Loans.
    *Business Loans.
    *Investments Loans.
    *Development Loans.
    *Acquisition Loans .
    *Construction loans.
    *Credit Card Clearance Loan
    *Debt Consolidation Loan
    *Business Loans And many More:

    LOAN APPLICATION FORM:
    =================
    Full Name:................
    Loan Amount Needed:.
    Purpose of loan:.......
    Loan Duration:..
    Gender:.............
    Marital status:....
    Location:..........
    Home Address:..
    City:............
    Country:......
    Phone:..........
    Mobile / Cell:....
    Occupation:......
    Monthly Income:....

    Contact Us At clemalphafinance@gmail.com
    Phone number :+91-9818603391 (Whatsapp Only)

    ReplyDelete
  17. We offer a real money to people who sincerely and honestly need some money for some personal and business purposes. We are pleased to be able to fulfill your dreams in offering you the exact amount of money to fulfill your need. we do not charge for processing / origination costs. Our money is secured and safe, and it will be delivered after application in your bank account within 48 hours. contact us now with your interest Emaildavidloantytjhnbg671@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  18. Don't let life's surprises frustrate you and make you feel like life is getting away from you. Get your monthly expenses under control with the help of a cash advance loan and you can begin to feel better about yourself. Our email () and addresses below:javeedkegtyvfdgvc@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete

  19. We offer a genuine money for people who are sincerely and honestly in need of some money for some personal and business purposes.
    We are glad to be able to fulfill your dreams to offer you the exact amount of money you need. we do not charge for the cost of processing / origination.
    Our money is secured and safe and it will be delivered in your bank account within 48 hours of application.
    Contact us now with your interest ninciewez04@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  20. Have you being deny loan by the bank or do you need fast loan to pay your bills and dept, Do you have business that is not going well due to poor finance, Do you need a loan to buy a house, Do you need loan to send your kids to school. Simply contact us today to apply for any type of loan you may need with our company email address: ajukwufor more information about this offer
    Are you looking for a Loan to enlarge your business? bartsamanthaflips72@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  21. Do you need a loan to start up your business?, Do you need a school loan?, Do you need loan to pay your bills and debts?, Do you need a loan to establish a new
    business? Any type of loan you need contact us today because We offer all kinds of loans, Contact via email:mokemedrhsad601@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  22. Do you need a genuine Loan to settle your bills and startup
    business? contact us now with your details to get a good
    Loan at a low rate of 3% per Annual email us:
    Do you need Personal Finance?
    Business Cash Finance?
    Unsecured Finance
    Fast and Simple Finance?
    Quick Application Process?
    Finance. Services Rendered include,
    *Debt Consolidation Finance
    *Business Finance Services
    *Personal Finance services Help
    Please write back if interested with our interest rate datanfincorpfinance@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  23. You need personal informations from companies,family and friends that will better your life and you need easy access without them noticing just contact nick or you’re financially unstable or you have a bad credit score, he will solve that without stress,he and his team can clear criminal records without leaving a trace and can also anonymously credit your empty credit cards with funds you need,all these are not done free obviously but I like working with nick and his team cause they keep you updated on every step taken in order to achieve the goal and they also deliver on time,I tested and confirmed this I’m still happy on how my life is improving after my encounter with him ,you can send a mail to vladislav.nickhack@outlook.com
    Text/call +17078685071

    ReplyDelete
  24. If you have been a victim of any binary/ forex, cryptocurrency or online scam contact Wizard Charles group hackers to Recover your scammed funds back, they're highly recommendable and were efficient in getting I initially lost 2btc refunded. Email: ( wizardcharles1@gmail.com ) WhatsApp: +1 (361) 201-2646  

    ReplyDelete
  25. My name is Samuel, I was in love with my wife and we were married for eight years with a son his is Liam,I loved my wife so much she had access to all my bank account and even my cash app which my accountant agreed to and said it was a great idea, then it took my wife and my accountant two month to get hold of all my properties,all accounts but I had a cash app which they knew nothing about,I was thrown out of my own house was sleeping in a hotel for weeks she also took possession of my son could only see him once a week then I found out she was in love with my accountant all these while so I went online and I came across a private investigator who help me get all my properties and my accounts back even my company back how he did these I don’t know but I gave all the information he asked for and followed all his instructions and now I’m happy my life’s better now.
    Thanks to premiumhackservices@gmail.com
    I just said I should share my own story here
    Thank you

    ReplyDelete
  26. GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
    We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
    of taking up time bound transactions.
    FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
    FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    PRICE = 32%+2%
    Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
    loan financing by providing you with yearly.
    RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
    I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
    Name : scott james
    Email : inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com
    Skype : inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  27. Do you need personal loan?
    Loan for your home improvements,
    Mortgage loan,
    Debt consolidation loan,
    Commercial loan,
    Education loan,
    Car loan,
    Loan for assets.
    financialserviceoffer876@gmail.com WhatsApp +918929509036

    ReplyDelete
  28. Dear Sir/Madam,

    CORPORATE/PERSONAL LOAN OFFER

    Are you in need of a loan? At Eagleton Bank we grant loans to both corporate and private entities. Have you been trying to obtain a Loan from any of the Banks or Loan Companies and they have refused to grant you the Loan because of bad credit? We offer all types of non-recourse Loan and funding at a low interest Rate of 3% both long and short terms. We grant loan ranging from $10,000.00(Minimum) up to $20,000,000.00(Maximum).


    We like to grant loans in the following sectors: oil/Gas, banking, real estate, stock speculation and mining, transportation, health sector and tobacco, Communication Services, Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing, thus any sector. The terms are very flexible and interesting.


    Get that loan that will enable you finance a new car, buy that dream home, or even to start a small business. Our personal/ corporate loan allows you fixed repayments for the full loan term compounded at 3% interest rate per annum. Eagleton Bank Personal Loan covers for 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, 180 and 240 month period depending on your preference and affordability.

    kindly get in touch for further details and procedures. I will let you know what information is needed to obtain the proffered financing from Middle East or Europe to provide loan at any capacity for business Investment or joint ventures we are ready to release any amount to assist your business.


    Your financial freedom starts immediately today with an enquiry/reply Email:info.sigmsconsultants@gmail.com


    Best regards,

    Mr. Vijay Shabba.

    Eagleton Bank

    New York, United State

    ReplyDelete
  29. Do you need a genuine Loan to settle your bills and startup
    business? contact us now with your details to get a good
    Loan at a low rate of 3% per Annual email us:
    Do you need Personal Finance?
    Business Cash Finance?
    Unsecured Finance
    Fast and Simple Finance?
    Quick Application Process?
    Finance. Services Rendered include,
    *Debt Consolidation Finance
    *Business Finance Services
    *Personal Finance services Help
    Please write back if interested with our interest rate datanfincorpfinance@gmail.com Whats-app us on +918929593217

    ReplyDelete
  30. DO YOU NEED A PERSONAL/BUSINESS/INVESTMENT LOAN? CONTACT US TODAY VIA WhatsApp +19292227023 Email drbenjaminfinance@gmail.com

    HELLO
    Loan Offer Alert For Everyone! Are you financially down and you need an urgent credit/financial assistance? Or are you in need of a loan to start-up/increase your business or buy your dream house. GET YOUR INSTANT LOAN APPROVAL 100% GUARANTEED TODAY NO MATTER YOUR CREDIT SCORE. WhatsApp:+19292227023 Email: drbenjaminfinance@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  31. GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
    We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
    of taking up time bound transactions.
    FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
    FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    PRICE = 32%+2%
    Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
    loan financing by providing you with yearly.
    RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
    I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
    Name : Thomas Wolfgang
    Email : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com
    Skype : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  32. Very bad credit loans direct lenders uk - Prompt funding options for qualified borrowers. Very bad credit loans no guarantor with no broker fees from direct lender are also available. Get instant approval decision without any paperwork, and physical verification.

    ReplyDelete
  33. Blank ATM Cards
    We have specially programmed ATM cards for sale.
    These ATM cards can be used to withdraw cash at any ATM machines or swipe & stores, outlets and any point of sales.
    We sell these cards to all our customers and interested buyers worldwide. Some cards have a daily withdrawal limit of $5,000 in ATM and up to $100,000 spending limit depending on the usage.
    Becoming wealthy and living the lifestyle of the rich and famous is the dream of many people. And whilst most people go to work or seek other ethical methods of making money online.
    The blank ATM withdraws money from any ATM machines and there is no name on it because it is blank, it is not traceable and now I have money for business, shopping and enough money for me and my family to live on.
    PROGRAMMED blank ATM card will be delivered to you anywhere in the world.
    E-Mail: atmservices44@yahoo.com
    Email: hacklords.investors@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  34. We are AJJ FINANCE, a Full Service Private & Hard Money Loan Broker, Servicing Commercial Real Estate Investors. With over 100 lenders in our network we can offer Competitive Rates, Quick Closings, No pre-payment Penalties or up front fees. We’re investors too so we understand the unique needs of Commercial Real Estate Investors.

    Contact us about your next Real Estate Investment project! 

    Robert Bouffad
    CRE Loan Broker 
    AJJ FINANCE
    robertbouffad@ajjfinance.com

    ReplyDelete
  35. GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
    We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
    of taking up time bound transactions.
    FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
    FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    PRICE = 32%+2%
    Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
    loan financing by providing you with yearly.
    RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
    I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
    Name : Robert Bouffad
    Email : Lendingtreemoney@gmail.com
    Skype : Robert Bouffad
    Whatsapp: +447586540601

    ReplyDelete
  36. Having financial problem ? Want low Interest Rates ? Small loan ? Providing 52 weeks repayment loan at affordable price,

    Contact Tell :+91 858-696-4289 (Call/Whats app)terms and conditions apply.
    Email: nbfcfunding@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  37. Instant Personal Loans With Great Rates / Apply in 2min Without Document
    High Loan Amount from $1k - $500m with Flexible Repayment Up To 60mth—Fixed Rate Loan(3%). 3% Lowest Interest in INR. 99% Approval in 15min. No Hidden Fees.
    Contact for more information @ WhatsApp: +917428142745
    Email: managealic@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  38. Hello everyone, Do you need hacking services? please contact= schwartzsoftwarehackingprogram@gmail.com, WhatsApp : (+44- /744-82 ) 9-0030 ;)

    Be warned, most of these hackers called here are imposters, I know how real hackers work, they never advertise in such a gullible way and they are always discreet. I was tricked so many times out of desperation trying to find urgent help to change my grades from school, finally, my friend introduced me to a group of trusted hackers who work with discretion and delivery promptly, they do all sorts of hacking that you be shocked to believe

    +Database Hacking,

    +Spying and monitoring of any device

    +School grade hack,

    +Company records and systems,

    +Bank Account Hacks,

    +Clearing of Criminal records of diverse types,

    +VPN Software,

    +Monitoring of GPS locations,

    +Bank transfer, Western Union, Money Gram, Credit Card transfer,

    +Bank Account Hacks,

    +Credit score increase

    +University Grades Hack,

    +Any social media platform hack,

    +Retrieval of lost documents

    +Facebook Hacking Tricks,

    +Email hack: Gmail, AOL, Yahoo mail, Proton-mail, etc,

    +Mobile phone (call and text message Hacking are available also)

    +ATM hack,

    +Retrieval of lost documents, etc.

    Contact them at= schwartzsoftwarehackingprogram@gmail.com

    Contact them at WhatsApp =(+44- /744-82 ) 9-0030 )

    ReplyDelete
  39. Titanium Quartz, a Stone with a Brine with the
    A glass that contains both a glass and a crystal core. The glass is used samsung galaxy watch 3 titanium to store copper, titanium element copper, zinc, titanium meaning aluminum, revlon hair dryer brush titanium copper, titanium belt buckle and salt. It is ideal for $39.99 · ‎In stock

    ReplyDelete
  40. FINANCIAL AGENT LIMITED provides a full financial planning service to both the commercial and domestic markets. At IQ FINANCE PLC we believe that financial planning is about two things: creating wealth and protecting wealth. These two objectives are at the heart of everything we do. And, as a member of FINANCIAL AGENT LIMITED Services, we give you a small-company service but with a large-company set up – the best of both worlds.
    You are at liberty to engage our leased facilities into trade programs as well as in signature project(s) such as Aviation, Agriculture, Petroleum, Telecommunication, construction of Dams, Bridges and any other turnkey project(s) etc. Our terms and Conditions are reasonable.
    Leasing Price : 6%+2%
    Buying Price: 38%+2%

    Contact us for more details on our terms and procedure of transaction.

    NAME :Jason Edward
    EMAIL :financialagentltd@gmail.com
    SKYPE :financialagentltd@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  41. Get help for all your financial problems. Contact Union Solutions to access a wide range of loan facilities. Contact for more information: financialserviceoffer876@gmail.com whats-App +918929509036 Dr James Eric Finance Pvt Ltd Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  42. I never thought I will get scammed by online bitcoin investors which I was warned by friends not to invest online or apply for exchange from unknown online investors, they stole all my life saving ranging to a total sum of $97,800k [ninety seven thousand eight hundred dollars] worth of bitcoin, i started regretting my life untill i came acrose some article online about jamesmckaywizard a geniune hacker who is into any kind of hacking and helping people recover their lost funds via online scam, I still didn't believe bitcoin can ever be recovered, but had to once again trust my guts and insticts. To my greatest surprise mr james was able to carry out the job neatly without any traces or complications all thanks to him and his team for offerring me a top notch services. To that one person or persons out there who really need a true and efficient hacker l would advice you to contact: Email: jamesmckaywizard@gmail.com / What's App:+91 98632 93475

    ReplyDelete